Ingemuva legeyimu lingesinye sesisekelo sokuhlangenwe nakho kwegeyimu okugxilile. I-Unity iyinjini enamandla esetshenziselwa ukuthuthukiswa komdlalo we-2D nowe-3D. Kulesi sihloko, uzofunda ukuthi ungakha kanjani ingemuva elikhangayo kuzo zombili izinhlobo zegeyimu. Sizobheka izici ezikhethekile zezindawo ze-2D ne-3D futhi sikubonise ukuthi ungenza kanjani umhlaba wegeyimu yakho uphile.
Imidlalo ye-2D: izisekelo zedizayini yangemuva
Uma uklama ingemuva le-2D ku-Unity, kubalulekile ukucabangela umuzwa nobuhle begeyimu yakho. Ungakwazi spriteUngqimba sebenzisa ukudala ukujula nokunyakaza. Ukuskrola kwe-Parallax kuyindlela edumile lapho izithombe zangemuva zihamba kancane kunezinto ezingaphambili ukuze zenze umuzwa wokujula. Futhi naka umbala nesitayela sezithombe zakho ukuze udale umhlaba wegeyimu ovumelanayo.
Imidlalo ye-3D: Ukudala imihlaba Egxilile
Emidlalweni ye-3D, i-Unity inikeza izindlela eziningi zokudala ingemuva elihlaba umxhwele. Lapha udlala ngokukhanya, izithunzi nokuthungwa ukuze udale indawo engokoqobo noma eyenziwe ngesitayela. Ungasebenzisa amathuluzi e-terrain ukwenza imodeli yezindawo futhi udale ama-horizons amakhulu ngama-skyboxes. Kungenzeka futhi ukuhlanganisa imiphumela yesimo sezulu eguquguqukayo nezikhathi zosuku ukuze wenze umhlaba wegeyimu yakho uphile.
Amathiphu okuklama
Noma ngabe usebenza kumdlalo we-2D noma we-3D, kukhona amathiphu ajwayelekile okufanele uwakhumbule:
- Gcina isitayela sakho silingana: Qiniseka ukuthi ingemuva lakho lilingana nesitayela sonke segeyimu.
- Lungiselela ukusebenza: Ingemuva lakho akufanele lidinge amandla amaningi ekhompyutha.
- Linga ngemiphumela: Sebenzisa imiphumela yezinhlayiyana nokudlala okulula ukuze udale umoya.
Ukudala ingemuva lemidlalo ye-2D ku-Unity
Ukudala ingemuva elikhangayo kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokuthuthukiswa komdlalo we-2D ku-Unity. Ingemuva eliklanywe kahle lingathuthukisa ngokubonakalayo igeyimu yakho futhi lidale isimo sokucwiliswa.
Izinyathelo eziyisisekelo
- Ukukhethwa kwezithombe: Qala ngokukhetha ihluzo ofuna ukuzisebenzisa njengengemuva. Lezi zingazenzela wena noma zitholwe kumtapo wolwazi.
- Ngenisa Ebunyeni: Ngenisa izithombe kuphrojekthi yakho ye-Unity. Lokhu kwenziwa ngokuhudula bese uphonsa kufolda yamafa.
- Ukwakhiwa kwezingqimba ze-sprite: Ku-Unity ungakha izendlalelo ezihlukene zesizinda sakho. Lokhu kusiza ukudala ukujula nokwakheka ekudlaleni kwakho.
Ukuskrola kweParallax
Isici esidumile emidlalweni ye-2D ukuskrola kwe-parallax. Kwakha umuzwa wokujula ngokuba namazinga ahlukene ahamba ngesivinini esihlukile.
- Ukudalwa kwezingqimba eziningi: Hlukanisa isizinda sakho sibe izendlalelo eziningi (ngaphambili, indawo emaphakathi, ingemuva).
- Ukuhlela umphumela weParallax: Sebenzisa umbhalo ukuze udale umphumela we-parallax. Lokhu kufinyelelwa ngokubeka isivinini sokunyakaza kwezinga ngalinye ngokuhlukile.
Ukukhanyisa nemiphumela
Ukukhanya okulungile kanye nemiphumela ebonakalayo kungenza isizinda sakho siphile.
- Ingeza ukukhanya: Sebenzisa izibani ze-Unity ukuze udale izithunzi nezithombe ezinhle kakhulu.
- Imiphumela ye-Particle: Cabanga ukuthi ingabe imiphumela yezinhlayiyana njengamaqabunga awayo noma imvula ingangeza ukujula ngemuva.
Ukuthuthukisa nokusebenza
Kubalulekile ukuthi ingemuva lingasebenzisi amandla amaningi okucubungula.
- Usayizi wesithombe nokulungiswa: Qiniseka ukuthi izithombe azinkulu kakhulu futhi ukulungiswa kuwufanele umdlalo wakho.
- Ukusetshenziswa kahle kwezinsiza: Sebenzisa amasu afana ne-sprite atlasing ukuze uthuthukise ukusebenza.
Ukudala ingemuva ku-Unity yegeyimu ye-2D kudinga ukunakekelwa nokudala. Ngokusebenzisa isendlalelo, ukuskrola kwe-parallax, nemiphumela yokubuka, ungakha umhlaba wegeyimu onempilo nomemayo. Khumbula njalo ukugcina ibhalansi phakathi kobuhle nokusebenza. Ngalawa mathiphu namasu, uzohlonyiswa kahle ukunikeza igeyimu yakho ingemuva elihle.
Ukudala isendlalelo se-sprite ku-Unity
Izendlalelo ze-Sprite ziyithuluzi elibalulekile ku-Unity lokwengeza ukujula nokuthungwa kumageyimu e-2D. Zikuvumela ukuthi uhlele izici ezihlukene zegeyimu yakho zibe izendlalelo ezihlukene.
ISchritt-für-Schritt-Anleitung
- Ukulungiselela ama-sprites akho
- Qiniseka ukuthi ama-sprites akho akumafayela esithombe (njenge-PNG noma i-JPG).
- Ngenisa ama-sprites kuphrojekthi yakho ye-Unity ngokuwahudulela kufolda yamafa.
- Idala i-GameObject entsha
- Ku-Unity, hamba ekubukeni kwesigaba.
- Dala i-GameObject entsha ngokuchofoza kwesokudla bese ukhetha okuthi 'Dala Okungenalutho'.
- Ukwengeza isinikezeli se-sprite
- Khetha i-GameObject esanda kwakhiwa.
- Ewindini Lomhloli, engeza i-Sprite Renderer ngokukhetha Engeza Ingxenye > Ukunikezwa > Isinikezeli Se-Sprite.
- Isabelo se-sprite
- Kumenyu ye-Sprite Renderer uzothola inketho ebizwa nge-'Sprite'.
- Hudula i-sprite yakho emafeni uyifake kuleli bhokisi, noma uchofoze ibhokisi ukuze ukhethe i-sprite kuzimpahla zakho ezingenisiwe.
- Ilungisa izilungiselelo zesendlalelo
- Ubumbano bukuvumela ukuthi uhlele i-sprite yakho ngezigaba ezahlukahlukene.
- Iya ku-Sprite Renderer futhi uthole inketho ethi 'Isendlalelo Sokuhlunga'.
- Dala izendlalelo ezintsha noma khetha isendlalelo esikhona. Ungalungisa ukuhleleka kwezendlalelo ukuze uthole ukuthi iyiphi i-sprite evela ngaphambi noma ngemva kwamanye ama-sprites.
- Lungisa kahle indawo nesikali
- Sebenzisa ithuluzi Lokuguqula ku-Unity ukuze ulungise indawo, ukuzungezisa, nesikali se-sprite yakho.
- Lokhu kubaluleke kakhulu ekuzuzeni ukujula nombono ofanele ekudlaleni kwakho.
- Phinda ukuthola ama-sprites amaningi
- Phinda le nqubo kuwo wonke ama-sprites ofuna ukuwasebenzisa kugeyimu yakho.
- Ngokusebenzisa izendlalelo eziningi ungakha izigcawu eziyinkimbinkimbi ezinengaphambili, indawo emaphakathi nengemuva.
Izendlalelo ze-Sprite zikuvumela ukuthi uhlele ngokubukeka imidlalo yakho ye-2D ku-Unity futhi udale indawo eguqukayo. Ngokubeka ama-sprites ahlukene ungakha ukujula kanye nomhlaba ophilayo wegeyimu. Linga ngezilungiselelo ezihlukile nezikhundla ukuze uthole umthelela ongcono kakhulu wegeyimu yakho.
Inkinga: Ikhamera ayibonisi ingemuva
Uma ikhamera eku-Unity ingabonisi ingemuva legeyimu yakho, kungase kube nezizathu ezimbalwa. Nazi izizathu ezivamile nezixazululo eziphakanyisiwe zokuxazulula le nkinga.
Izimbangela nezisombululo ezingenzeka
- Izilungiselelo zekhamera
- Hlola ukuma nokuma kwekhamera. Qiniseka ukuthi ibheke ohlangothini olulungile futhi ingemuva lingaphakathi kwenkundla yokubuka.
- Hlola izindiza zokugunda ezithi 'Eduze' kanye 'Nezikude' zezingxenye zekhamera ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi ingemuva liwela ngaphakathi kwale mikhawulo.
- Izilungiselelo zokubonakala kwesendlalelo nezendlalelo
- Hlola ukuthi ingabe ingemuva nekhamera zikusendlalelo esifanayo noma izendlalelo ezihambisanayo.
- Ku-Unity, ungenza izendlalelo ezithile zibonakale noma zingabonakali kukhamera. Qinisekisa ukuthi isendlalelo esiqukethe ingemuva siyabonakala kukhamera.
- Isinikezeli se-Sprite
- Hlola izilungiselelo ze-sprite renderer. Qiniseka ukuthi 'Isendlalelo Sokuhlunga' kanye 'Ne-oda Esendlalweni' zisethwe ukuze ingemuva liboniswe ngendlela efanele.
- Uhlobo lwekhamera
- Hlola ukuthi ingabe usebenzisa ikhamera ye-orthographic ezigcawini ze-2D kanye nekhamera yokubuka yezigcawu ze-3D. Uhlobo lwekhamera lungathinta indlela izinto ezinikezwa ngayo.
- Ukungafihli nokubonakala
- Qiniseka ukuthi ingemuva alibonisi ngale noma isilungiselelo se-alpha kusinikezeli se-sprite asiphansi kakhulu.
- Futhi hlola ukuthi ingabe ezinye izinto kungenzeka zisithe ingemuva.
- Ukukhanyisa nezinto zokwakha
- Kwezinye izimo, ukukhanya noma okubalulekile okungemuva kungathinta ukuthi kunikezwa ngendlela efanele yini. Linga ngezilungiselelo ezihlukile ukuze ubone ukuthi lokhu kuyayilungisa yini inkinga.
Inkinga yekhamera engabonisi ingemuva ingadalwa izici ezihlukahlukene. Ngokuhlola ngokuhlelekile futhi ulungise izici ezingenhla, kufanele ukwazi ukuthola imbangela futhi uyilungise. I-Unity inikeza izinketho eziningi zezilungiselelo, ngakho-ke ngokuvamile kuyinqubo yokuzama nephutha kuze kube yilapho yonke into ibonakala ngendlela efanele.
Ukuqonda nokulungisa ukuhleleka kokuhlelwa kokuthi Izendlalelo Zokuhlunga ze-Unity
Ohlelweni Lokuhlunga Lwesendlalelo Sobumbano, ukulandelana okuvela ngayo izendlalelo ezihlukene kunqunywa ukuhleleka kokuhlelwa ngaphakathi kwezendlalelo. Nawa amaphuzu abalulekile endlela yokubona nokulungisa lokhu:
- Ukufinyelela ekuhlungeni izendlalelo: Iya kusinikezeli sakho se-GameObject's Sprite futhi uthole inketho ethi “Isendlalelo Sokuhlunga”.
- Ukuhleleka kwezingqimba: Izendlalelo zokuhlunga ziboniswa ngendlela ezichazwe ngayo “Kuzilungiselelo Zephrojekthi” ngaphansi kokuthi “Omaka Nezendlalelo”. Ungqimba olungaphezulu kulolu hlu luvela phezulu, futhi ungqimba olungezansi luvela kude kakhulu emuva.
- Ukulungisa uhlelo lokuhlunga: Ungakwazi ukulungisa ukuhleleka kokuhlelwa ngaphakathi kwesendlalelo ngokwandisa noma ukunciphisa i-oda ivelu Yesendlalelo Kusinikezeli Se-Sprite. Inani eliphakeme liyisa i-sprite phambili, inani eliphansi liyibuyisela emuva.
Lezi zilungiselelo zikusiza ukuthi ulawule indlela ama-sprites nezinto ezinikezwa ngayo ngokuhlobene.
Ukuthuthukisa ingemuva le-2D ku-Unity: Umhlahlandlela osebenzayo
Lapho udizayina ingemuva le-2D ku-Unity, kunezici ezihlukahlukene okufanele zicatshangelwe ukuze kuqinisekiswe isibonisi nokusebenza kahle. Nawa amaphuzu abalulekile:
Ukulungiswa kwezithombe nefomethi
Ukulungiswa kwezithombe kufanele kuhambisane nesinqumo somdlalo kanye nezinkundla okuqondiwe kuzo. Imifanekiso emikhulu kakhulu ingasebenzisa indawo yokugcina engadingekile futhi ithinte ukusebenza, kuyilapho izithombe ezincane kakhulu zingabonakala zilufifi. Ifomethi evamile yezithombe ze-2D ku-Unity i-PNG ngoba isekela obala futhi inikeza ikhwalithi enhle enosayizi wefayela omncane uma kuqhathaniswa.
Imiphumela yeParallax
Uma ufuna ukwakha umphumela we-parallax lapho izendlalelo ezihlukene zengemuva zihamba ngesivinini esihlukile, kufanele udale isendlalelo ngasinye ngehluzo ezihlukene. Lokhu kwenza kube lula kuwe ukulawula ukunyakaza okuhlobene kwesendlalelo ngasinye ku-Unity.
nokwenza kahle
Kubalulekile ukuthuthukisa ihluzo ukuze unciphise izikhathi zokulayisha nokusetshenziswa kwememori. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukususa amaphikseli angadingekile nokusebenzisa ukuthungwa kwe-atlas, okuhlanganisa izithombe eziningi zibe ukuthungwa okukodwa.
Ihluzo ezithayela
Emidlalweni lapho ingemuva liphinda khona (isb. imidlalo yomgijimi), izithombe kufanele zidizayinwe ukuze zithungwe ndawonye kalula. Lokhu kudinga ukuhlela ngokucophelela ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi imiphetho yezithombe iyalingana.
Ukujwayela kumasayizi wesikrini abehlukene
Imifanekiso yakho kufanele yakhelwe ukuthi ibukeke kahle kumasayizi wesikrini ahlukene. Lokhu kungafinyelelwa ngokusebenzisa i-aspect ratio ye-Unity, eqinisekisa ukuthi ingemuva liboniswa ngendlela efanele kumadivayisi ahlukene.
Isitayela sobuciko
Isitayela sobuciko sengemuva kufanele sihambisane nobuhle bubonke bomdlalo. Kubalulekile ukuba nokubukeka okungaguquki okwenza umhlaba wegeyimu ukholweke futhi umema.
Ngokugcina lawa maphuzu engqondweni, ungakha izithombe zangemuva ezikhangayo nezisebenzayo ze-2D zemidlalo yakho ku-Unity.
Umthelela wengemuva legeyimu kusitayela sonke ekuthuthukisweni kwegeyimu
Emhlabeni wokuthuthukiswa kwegeyimu, ingemuva legeyimu lidlala indima ebalulekile kusitayela sayo sisonke. Lokhu kusebenza esethulweni esibukwayo kanye nemishini yomdlalo kanye nendaba exoxwayo. Lapha sibheka indlela ingemuva legeyimu elithonya ngayo isitayela sonke somdlalo.
Ukubaluleka kwesizinda
Isizinda somdlalo sihlanganisa isilungiselelo sawo, itimu nendaba. Kuyisisekelo okwakhiwe kuso wonke umhlaba wegeyimu. Isilungiselelo somlando njengeNkathi Ephakathi, umhlaba wekusasa noma indawo enhle - konke lokhu kuthonya indlela igeyimu eklanywe ngayo. Ukukhethwa kwengemuva kunquma uhlobo lwabalingisi, izindawo lapho igeyimu yenzeka khona, futhi ngokuvamile izinhlobo zezinselele obhekana nazo njengomdlali.
Isitayela esibonakalayo nomkhathi
Isitayela esibonakalayo somdlalo sithonywa kakhulu ingemuva layo. Imidwebo, iphalethi yombala, uhlobo lokukhanyisa kanye nemiphumela yokubuka - zonke lezi zici zikhethwa ukudala umhlaba obumbene. Igeyimu emnyama, yangemuva kwembubhiso cishe izosebenzisa iphalethi yombala ohlukile nesimo sokukhanya kunohambo olukhanyayo, olujabulisayo lwenganekwane.
I-game mechanics ne-gameplay
Ukukhethwa kwesizinda nakho kunomthelela kumakhenika wegeyimu. Kugeyimu enembe ngokomlando ngeke uthole izikhali zesikhathi esizayo noma ubuchwepheshe, kuyilapho emhlabeni we-sci-fi ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe kanye nemikhumbi-mkhathi kungase kube okujwayelekile. Indawo kanye nesilungiselelo siphinde sinqume ukuthi yiziphi izinhlobo zemisebenzi nemishini enengqondo futhi ejabulisayo kuwe njengomdlali.
Ukuxoxa izindaba nokuthuthukiswa kwabalingiswa
Isendlalelo sibalulekile futhi ohlotsheni lwendaba exoxwayo ngumdlalo kanye nendlela abalingisi abathuthukiswa ngayo. Indaba esethwe kukusasa le-dystopian izohluka kusethi eyodwa embusweni wemilingo endabeni yayo kanye nezingxabano ekhuluma ngazo. Indaba nabalingiswa kumele balingane kalula emhlabeni ukuze bakholweke futhi bahehe.
Kafushane, ingemuva legeyimu liyingxenye ebalulekile yokuthuthukiswa kwegeyimu elilolonga ngokuphawulekayo isitayela sonke kanye nokuzizwisa kwegeyimu. Inquma ukumelelwa okubukwayo, imishini yomdlalo, ukuxoxwa kwezindaba kanye nomoya womdlalo. Njengomdlali, uhlangabezana nomhlaba oyingqayizivele ngemuva, okugxilisa endabeni yawo futhi udale ukuzizwisa kwegeyimu ongasoze wakukhohlwa.
Umthelela wengemuva kumuzwa wegeyimu
Ingemuva lomdlalo, okwaziwa nangokuthi umhlaba wegeyimu noma ukulungiselelwa, kuyisici esibalulekile kumuzwa wegeyimu. Lokhu akubandakanyi kuphela ukumelwa okubukwayo, kodwa nomlando, isiko, nemithetho esebenzayo kulo mhlaba. Ingemuva linikela kakhulu emkhathini futhi lithonya indlela abadlali abazizwa ngayo futhi bahumushe igeyimu.
Ukucwiliswa okubonakalayo nokuzwayo
Idizayini eyisithombe nezwakalayo yegeyimu idlala indima enkulu ekudaleni ukuzizwisa okujulile. Umhlaba onemininingwane nokholakalayo ungacwilisa abadlali bajule kugeyimu. Ubuhle obubonakalayo, kusukela ekuklanyweni kwabalingiswa kuya kuzindawo, kanye nemisindo nomculo, kudala isimo esithonya imizwelo nokusabela kwabadlali.
Ukuxoxa izindaba nokuthuthukiswa kwabalingiswa
I-backstory yegeyimu yenza isisekelo sokulandisa nokuthuthuka komlingiswa. Umhlaba ocebile, ocatshangelwe kahle onendaba ekhangayo ungakhuthaza abadlali ukuthi bafunde okwengeziwe ngomhlaba kanye nezakhamuzi zawo. Lokhu kukhuthaza ukuzibandakanya nokugcinwa emdlalweni.
I-gameplay kanye nemishini yomdlalo
Ingemuva legeyimu lingaphinda libe nomthelela kumakhenika wegeyimu nendlela yokudlala. Isibonelo, igeyimu esethwe emhlabeni wekusasa ingase ihlanganise ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe nezikhali, kuyilapho igeyimu enezilungiselelo zomlando igxile ezintweni ezingokoqobo nezamanje. Lezi zici zinquma ukuthi abadlali bahlanganyela kanjani nomhlaba wegeyimu futhi banqobe izinselele.
Izici zezenhlalo namasiko
Izici zamasiko nezenhlalo zengemuva lomdlalo zengeza ekujuleni nasekukholelekeni komhlaba wegeyimu. Imidlalo ehlanganisa amasiko ahlukene, izinhlaka zomphakathi kanye nokubuka komhlaba inikeza ulwazi olucebile futhi ingasiza ekukhuthazeni ukuzwelana nokuqonda.
Isiphetho
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi usebenza ku-platformer ye-2D noma igeyimu yokuzidela ye-3D, ukwakheka kwangemuva ku-Unity kuyisici esibalulekile kumuzwa wegeyimu. Ngamathuluzi alungile namasu, ungakha imihlaba eheha futhi ejabulisa abadlali. Sebenzisa amandla Obumbano ngobuchule ukuze wenze umbono wakho uphile!
Ulwazi olwengeziwe luyatholakala ku Incwadi yobumbano
